Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreVinod Infra Developers Ltd., owner of agricultural land in Jodhpur, had taken a loan of Rs. 7.5 crore from Mahaveer Lunia and, as security, handed over its original title documents (which had themselves been impounded earlier by the Collector of Stamps for insufficient stamp duty and later released on revision). When the company later tried to settle the loan and retrieve its documents in 2022, a dispute arose, and it filed a civil suit. The Rajasthan High Court, on a revision petition by the respondents, rejected the plaint at the threshold under Order VII Rule 11 CPC, a provision that allows a court to throw out a suit at the outset if it doesn't disclose a valid cause of action or has other fundamental defects, reversing the trial court's decision that the suit could proceed.
The Supreme Court held that whether the company had actually handed over its documents as loan security, and whether the underlying claims were genuinely triable, were factual questions that need to be examined through a full trial, not decided at the preliminary Order VII Rule 11 stage. It found the High Court had erred in rejecting the plaint outright, and restored the trial court's original view that the issues raised were triable and that the application to reject the plaint was without merit. The appeal was allowed, the High Court's order was set aside, and the suit was sent back to the trial court to proceed on its merits.
Courts should be cautious about shutting down a lawsuit at the very first stage (Order VII Rule 11) when the dispute turns on contested facts: genuine factual disputes deserve a full trial rather than summary dismissal, so that both sides get a proper opportunity to prove their case with evidence.
