Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreA development authority allotted a flat to the respondent at a stated price, but construction was delayed after a dispute with the original contractor, and the authority later demanded an escalated price once the project was completed through a new contractor. The respondent filed a consumer complaint objecting to the price escalation, and the State Consumer Commission and then the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC) both ruled that the authority must hand over the flat at the originally stipulated price without any escalation.
The Supreme Court held that the letter of allotment was not an unconditional fixed-price contract: it expressly stated the allottee would be bound by other conditions the authority might impose, and the sale deed was to be executed only after payment of the "full and final cost." Relying on its earlier ruling in Bangalore Development Authority v. Syndicate Bank, the Court distinguished between allotments at a truly fixed price (where escalation is impermissible) and those at a provisional price subject to final determination (where escalation is permissible), finding this case fell in the latter category. The Court also noted the authority had acted fairly by granting all allottees interest on their deposited money (worth about Rs. 6.28 lakh to the respondent), offsetting much of the escalation, and that possession had since been handed over and dues paid; it therefore allowed the appeal and set aside the NCDRC's order.
A price stated in a housing allotment letter is not automatically a fixed, final price: if the allotment conditions reserve the authority's right to impose further terms or finalize cost later, a buyer may still be liable for a legitimate cost escalation, especially where the authority has otherwise acted fairly (e.g., by paying interest on deposits).
