Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1073
In circumstantial-evidence cases, forensic and DNA evidence must actually corroborate the alleged crime: a conviction cannot survive where the most crucial scientific evidence, on its own terms, points away from rather than toward the prosecution's theory.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1074
A conviction based purely on circumstantial evidence requires every link in the chain, timeline, witness credibility, forensic matches, and motive, to be proven beyond reasonable doubt; gaps or suppressed evidence at any link entitle the accused to the benefit of the doubt, even in a serious case like a double murder.
Criminal Miscellaneous Case · 2026:DHC:8505
Courts will not quash a criminal case merely because the accused has a plausible alibi-type defence; unless that defence is conclusive and undisputed, the matter must be tested through the ordinary trial process.
Criminal Miscellaneous Case · 2026:DHC:8547
A private compromise between victim and accused cannot by itself secure quashing of a case involving serious, heinous allegations like attempted murder with a weapon: such matters must proceed to trial regardless of settlement.
First Appeal from Order · 2026:DHC:8563
Railway Claims Tribunals cannot reject a bona fide passenger's death claim based on speculative inferences when there is no direct evidence of an alternative cause of death; the compensation scheme under the Railways Act is to be interpreted generously in favour of victims' families.
Criminal Miscellaneous Case · 2026:DHC:8559
In matrimonial offences, courts can and do quash criminal proceedings once a genuine compromise is verified directly with the complainant, sparing both parties a prolonged and pointless trial.
Bail Application · 2026:DHC:8541
A co-accused's bail does not automatically extend to another accused where their actual roles in the offence differ materially; delay caused by one's own defence counsel cannot later be used as a ground for bail.
Execution Petition · 2026:DHC:8567
An arbitral award must be adequately stamped before a court can enforce it; courts give only a limited window to cure such defects, after which the award becomes legally unusable until the deficiency is fixed.
Arbitration Petition · 2026:DHC:8555
A genuine settlement reached through mediation renders a pending arbitration-related court petition moot, allowing parties to close out litigation quickly once they resolve their dispute privately.
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Legal Case Shots is a searchable database of Supreme Court of India judgments, each broken down into the case type, the court's key holding, and a practical lesson learnt, with the full judgment available as a PDF for citation or deeper reading.
ONGC had floated a global tender for supply of seamless steel casing pipes, and Remi Metals (later Welspun Specialty Solutions) was the successful bidder. A dispute arose over delayed deliveries and the liquidated damages ONGC sought to impose, and the matter went to arbitration. The Arbitral Tribunal ruled partly in Remi Metals' favour on the damages question, but the Uttarakhand High Court set aside that part of the award, prompting cross-appeals to the Supreme Court by both sides.
The Supreme Court held that the Arbitral Tribunal's interpretation, that time was not strictly of the essence given the contract's extension procedure, and that damages should be based on actual loss rather than automatically imposed liquidated damages, was a reasonable and plausible reading of the contract. Since courts have very limited power under Sections 34 and 37 of the Arbitration Act to interfere with a plausible view taken by an arbitral tribunal, the Court held the High Court and the District Court had overstepped that limited jurisdiction. It set aside their interference and restored/upheld the arbitral award.
Courts cannot substitute their own interpretation of a commercial contract for a reasonable, plausible view taken by an arbitral tribunal: judicial interference with arbitration awards is meant to be the exception, not a fresh appeal on the merits.
