Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreAn FIR was lodged in Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh alleging a large-scale racket fabricating and circulating forged LL.B. degrees and marksheets, used by individuals to falsely pass themselves off as advocates before courts, including the Supreme Court. Respondent No. 2 was accused of procuring a forged law degree despite never actually studying law, using it to gain Supreme Court Bar Association membership, and running a wider scheme supplying fake qualifications to others. After his bail plea was rejected by the Sessions Judge, the Allahabad High Court granted him bail; the complainant (appellant) challenged this before the Supreme Court, alleging the High Court had ignored that the respondent concealed nine other pending FIRs against him and wrongly relied on an online marksheet download that itself carried a disclaimer it was not an authentic original.
The Supreme Court found that the High Court had granted bail on an incomplete and misleading record, since the respondent had suppressed his multiple other pending criminal cases (involving forgery, cheating, sexual harassment, and other serious offences) and relied on documents that could not establish a genuine LL.B. degree, contradicted by direct letters from the university and college denying any such degree was ever issued. The Court held that concealment of criminal antecedents and pending matters at the bail stage undermines the integrity of judicial decision-making, and set aside the High Court's bail order, cancelling the bail and directing the respondent to surrender within two weeks. Going further, the Court issued detailed prospective directions and a recommended disclosure framework requiring every bail applicant nationwide to disclose, by affidavit, their criminal antecedents, prior bail applications, custody details, and any coercive processes like non-bailable warrants, to ensure transparency and prevent selective or misleading presentation of facts. It directed this judgment be circulated to the Registrar Generals of all High Courts and to the District Judiciary for guidance.
Bail is granted on the basis of full and honest disclosure: an accused who conceals other pending criminal cases or misrepresents key facts risks having bail cancelled even after it is granted; the Court's new disclosure framework means courts and litigants nationwide should expect stricter, affidavit-backed transparency requirements in future bail proceedings.
