LegalAware
LegalAware.ai
EMPOWERING LEGAL AWARENESS

Ravinder Singh vs. State Govt. of NCT of Delhi

Criminal Appeal · 2023 INSC 426Decided 25 Apr 2023
Criminal Appeal No. 1031 of 2023
Abhay S. Oka · Sanjay Kumar

Background

The appellant was convicted by a Delhi trial court of raping his own 9-year-old daughter and of an unnatural offence, and was sentenced to life imprisonment under both charges, with the trial judge additionally directing that he not be granted any clemency/remission until he had served at least 20 years. The Delhi High Court upheld the conviction and sentence. The Supreme Court had limited this appeal only to the question of sentence, not the conviction itself.

Decision Breakdown

The Court held that a trial judge has no legal power to impose a "no remission before 20 years" condition on a life sentence, only High Courts and the Supreme Court can impose such a "fixed-term" or "special category" life sentence, restricting ordinary remission, based on a line of precedent (Swamy Shraddananda, V. Sriharan, Shiva Kumar). Since the offence was committed in August 2012, before the 2013 amendments introducing tougher minimum sentences for such crimes, those amended provisions could not be applied retrospectively (Article 20(1) of the Constitution). However, given the extreme gravity of a father raping his young daughter, the Supreme Court itself exercised its own power to impose a modified sentence, directing that the appellant serve a minimum of 20 years' actual imprisonment before he can even be considered for remission, while confirming the fines imposed.

Lesson Learnt

A trial court cannot itself restrict how much of a life sentence must be served before remission is considered: that power belongs only to the High Courts and Supreme Court; but where a crime is exceptionally grave, these higher courts can and will step in to ensure a "life sentence" carries real, lasting weight rather than working out, in practice, to just 14 years.

Official source (sci.gov.in)View Judgment (PDF)

More rulings in Criminal Law

Criminal LawSupreme Court of India

Charming Rupon v. State of Meghalaya

The Supreme Court acquitted the accused, finding the prosecution's case riddled with serious doubt. Both the victim and her cousin (a key witness) admitted in cross-examination that they could not identify the accused and that his name had been supplied to them by the victim's mother, raising a strong suspicion of tutoring, especially since the victim admitted she had been coached by the public prosecutor before testifying. The mother's own conduct (not reacting urgently despite being told of the assault, and material facts missing from the belated FIR) was found "unnatural." A crucial witness, the school teacher whose disclosure triggered the FIR, was never examined, without explanation, warranting an adverse inference against the prosecution. The Court also noted that two medical witnesses were never meaningfully cross-examined because the defence counsel was absent on the relevant dates, and that the trial court had wrongly brushed aside credible alibi evidence led by the accused.

Decided 9 Oct 2026Read case
Criminal LawSupreme Court of India

Ramkrushna Prahllad Dongardive v. The State of Maharashtra

The Supreme Court restored the trial court's acquittal. It found that the prosecution never produced the original cashbooks, daily registers, or audit reports that would have actually proven the appellant was entrusted with and misappropriated the money: the investigating officer himself admitted these documents were never shown to him despite being asked for. The department also failed to produce records the appellant had specifically sought in his own defence. Separately, the search and seizure of documents from the appellant's house was legally doubtful, since both independent witnesses to the seizure turned hostile and denied knowing its contents, and the mandatory procedural safeguards for such a seizure were not followed. The Court also flagged that the High Court convicted the appellant for the very first time on appeal without ever hearing him on the question of sentence, which the law required it to do.

Decided 8 Oct 2026Read case
Criminal LawDelhi High Court

Gurpreet Singh vs. State (NCT of Delhi)

The Court accepted that the order recalling the proclaimed offender status be placed on record. Noting that the complainant was untraceable and the prosecution itself raised no serious objection to anticipatory bail, the Court found no reason to deny the applicant liberty. It granted anticipatory bail, directing release on a personal bond of Rs. 20,000 with one surety in the event of arrest.

Decided 7 Oct 2026Read case
Criminal LawDelhi High Court

Mukesh Rani vs. Narcotics Control Bureau

The Court noted the investigation was complete, the chargesheet was filed, the co-accused had already been granted bail, and the combined quantity recovered (1.976 kg) still fell short of the "commercial quantity" threshold under the NDPS Act. With ten witnesses yet to be examined and no indication the trial would conclude quickly, the Court found continued detention unnecessary and granted regular bail on a personal bond of Rs. 50,000 with standard conditions.

Decided 7 Oct 2026Read case
Criminal LawDelhi High Court

Aakash vs. State Govt. of NCT of Delhi and Anr.

The Court noted that all prosecution witnesses, including the complainant and the guest house manager, had already been examined, and that a co-accused in the same FIR had already been granted bail. Given the complainant's own testimony about voluntary association with the petitioner and the completed trial evidence, the Court found the overall facts favoured bail. It granted regular bail on a personal bond of Rs. 50,000 with standard conditions (reporting to police weekly, not influencing witnesses, providing address/mobile details).

Decided 7 Oct 2026Read case
Criminal LawDelhi High Court

Kundan Kumar vs. State NCT of Delhi & Anr.

The Court relied on earlier Delhi High Court rulings holding that whether a broken promise of marriage was "false" from the outset (criminal) or a mere "breach" (not criminal) is a question for trial, not something requiring custodial interrogation. Noting the investigation was complete and the applicant had no prior criminal record, the Court granted regular bail on a personal bond of Rs. 25,000 with conditions, clarifying the order was not an opinion on the merits.

Decided 7 Oct 2026Read case