LegalAware
LegalAware.ai
EMPOWERING LEGAL AWARENESS

In Re: Guidelines for Court Functioning Through Video Conferencing During COVID-19 Pandemic

Suo Motu Writ Petition (Civil) · 2020 INSC 331Decided 6 Apr 2020
Suo Motu Writ Petition (Civil) No. 5 of 2020
Chief Justice S.A. Bobde · Dr. Justice D.Y. Chandrachud · Justice L. Nageswara Rao

Background

With the COVID-19 pandemic forcing social distancing, the Supreme Court took suo motu (on its own motion) cognisance of the need to ensure courts across India could keep functioning without requiring lawyers, litigants and staff to be physically present in packed courtrooms. The Court invoked its own and various High Courts' existing practice of shifting to video-conferencing for hearings and considered whether formal, binding guidelines were needed to standardise and protect this transition nationally.

Decision Breakdown

Exercising its power under Article 142 of the Constitution to do "complete justice," the Court declared that all measures already taken (and to be taken) by it and the High Courts to reduce physical presence in court premises would be deemed lawful, and authorised the Supreme Court and every High Court to adopt video-conferencing technologies as each found suitable to their own circumstances, with District Courts following the mode prescribed by their High Court. It directed concerned courts to maintain a complaint helpline for audio/video quality issues to be raised only during or immediately after a hearing, to make video-conferencing facilities available (including through an amicus curiae where needed) to litigants who lack access to the technology themselves, and clarified that video conferencing would primarily be used for arguments: evidence could not be recorded by video conferencing without both parties' mutual consent, and courtroom presiding officers retained discretion to restrict courtroom entry or adjourn proceedings if social distancing could not be maintained.

Lesson Learnt

During a public health emergency, the right of access to justice does not pause: courts can lawfully shift core functions like hearings to video conferencing under their own authority, but certain safeguards remain non-negotiable, such as requiring both sides' consent before evidence can be recorded remotely, and ensuring litigants without technology access are not shut out.

Official source (sci.gov.in)View Judgment (PDF)

More rulings in Constitutional Law

Constitutional LawSupreme Court of India

Federation of Medical and Sales Representatives Associations of India & Ors. v. Union of India & Ors.

This is an interim order, not a final judgment. The Court recorded the Union of India's proposal to set up a fresh three-member Committee to examine the issue and recommend a regulatory or statutory framework. It directed the Union to constitute the Committee within two weeks, directed the Committee to consult the petitioners, intervenors and other stakeholders and report within two months of its first meeting, and asked the Union to file a compliance affidavit. Citing the separation of powers, the Court declined to decide for itself whether the Code should become law, and listed the matter on 29 January 2027.

Decided 8 Oct 2026Read case
Constitutional LawDelhi High Court

Sirajuddin Qureshi & Ors. vs. Union of India & Ors.

The Court held that a bank's fear that the petitioners might flee, or its unresolved financial claim, cannot by itself justify keeping an LOC alive indefinitely, especially where the petitioners' bail conditions impose no travel curbs and their track record shows no misuse. It quashed the LOCs issued at the banks' instance, while leaving the LOCs issued at CBI's instance to be addressed through an application before the trial court (since those criminal proceedings are still pending there).

Decided 7 Oct 2026Read case
Constitutional LawDelhi High Court

Lawyers Voice vs. Union of India & Ors. and connected matters

The Court dismissed the entire batch, holding that no exceptional circumstance justified registering further FIRs, setting up an independent investigative mechanism, ordering wholesale further investigation into police conduct, issuing blanket evidence-preservation directions, or granting further compensation or rehabilitation directions. It noted that more than six years had passed since the riots, that compensation had largely been disbursed, and that statutory remedies remained available to victims. The Court made clear this was without prejudice to any individual's right to pursue remedies in law, and dismissed the petitions with no order as to costs.

Decided 5 Oct 2026Read case
Constitutional LawDelhi High Court

Shayaan Mujeeb vs. State & Ors. and connected matters

The Court dismissed the entire batch of petitions after finding that the allegations about the December 2019 events had already been examined by a competent statutory body and were being investigated under the ordinary criminal law, with related proceedings pending before competent courts. The Court held there was no ground for an independent inquiry mechanism, transfer of investigation, registration of new criminal cases, award of compensation, fresh guidelines, or further consequential directions. It also held that Article 226 of the Constitution is meant for enforcing enforceable legal rights, not for open-ended directions. The petitions were dismissed with no order as to costs, and any individual may still pursue remedies available in law.

Decided 5 Oct 2026Read case
Constitutional LawDelhi High Court

Pushpendra Singh Parmar vs. President/Vice President/General Secretary, ICSI

The Court held that the dispute was, at its core, a personal grievance between the petitioner and a private company (UC Web Mobile Pvt. Ltd.), not a matter properly brought before the Court under Article 226's extraordinary writ jurisdiction. It held that Article 226 is not meant to be a forum for airing personal disputes or pursuing a private adversary merely because a representation went unanswered. The petition was dismissed, with liberty given to the petitioner to pursue appropriate legal remedies directly against the company.

Decided 29 Sept 2026Read case
Constitutional LawDelhi High Court

Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited & Anr. vs. Union of India & Ors.

Relying on its own 2025 ruling on a near-identical earlier notification concerning the same drug combination, the Court held that since the notification used the word "shall" without any express provision for retrospective effect, and took effect only upon Gazette publication, it operates prospectively from 18.08.2026 and cannot be applied to stock manufactured earlier. The Court disposed of the petition on terms: Glenmark must label all stock made after 18.08.2026, publish clear public notices in one English and one Hindi national newspaper and issue advisories to doctors, chemists and retailers within two weeks, and file an affidavit detailing pre-notification stock within four weeks, subject to which no coercive recall action under Section 28B would be taken against it.

Decided 18 Sept 2026Read case